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Guillaume Apollinaire (26 August 1880 – 9 November 1918)
Wilhelm Albert Wlodzimierz Apolinary Kostrowicki, known as Guillaume
Apollinaire was a French poet, playwright, short story writer, novelist, and
art critic born in Italy to a Polish mother.
Among the foremost poets of the early 20th century, he is credited with
coining the word Surrealism and writing one of the earliest works described
as surrealist, the play The Breasts of Tiresias (1917, used as the basis for a
1947 opera). Two years after being wounded in World War I, he died in the
Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 at age 38.
Biography
Born Wilhelm Albert Wlodzimierz Apolinary Kostrowicki and raised speaking
French, among other languages, he emigrated to France and adopted the
name Guillaume Apollinaire. His mother, born Angelica Kostrowicka, was a
Polish noblewoman born near Navahrudak (now in Belarus). Apollinaire's
father is unknown but may have been Francesco Flugi d'Aspermont, a Swiss
Italian aristocrat who disappeared early from Apollinaire's life. Apollinaire
was partly educated in Monaco.
Apollinaire was one of the most popular members of the artistic community
of Montparnasse in Paris. His friends and collaborators in that period included
Pablo Picasso, Gertrude Stein,
Max Jacob, André Salmon, Marie Laurencin, Andre Breton,
André Derain, Faik Konica, Blaise Cendrars, Pierre Reverdy,
Alexandra Exter, Jean Cocteau, Erik
Satie, Ossip Zadkine, Marc Chagall and Marcel Duchamp. In 1911, he joined
the Puteaux Group, a branch of the cubist movement.
On September 7, 1911, police arrested and jailed him on suspicion of
stealing the Mona Lisa, but released him a week later. Apollinaire then
implicated his friend Pablo Picasso, who was also brought in for questioning
in the art theft, but he was also exonerated.
He fought in World War I and, in 1916, received a serious shrapnel wound to
the temple. He wrote Les Mamelles de Tirésias while recovering from this
wound. During this period he coined the word surrealism in the program
notes for Jean Cocteau and Erik Satie's ballet Parade, first performed on 18
May 1917. He also published an artistic manifesto, L'Esprit nouveau et les
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poètes. Apollinaire's status as a literary critic is most famous and influential
in his recognition of the Marquis de Sade, whose works were for a long time
obscure, yet arising in popularity as an influence upon the Dada and
Surrealist art movements going on in Montparnasse at the beginning of the
twentieth century as, "The freest spirit that ever existed."
The war-weakened Apollinaire died of influenza during the Spanish Flu
pandemic of 1918. He was interred in the Le Père Lachaise Cemetery, Paris.
In 1900 he wrote his first pornographic novel, Mirely, ou le petit trou pas
cher, which was eventually lost. Apollinaire's first collection of poetry was
L'enchanteur pourrissant (1909), but Alcools (1913) established his
reputation. The poems, influenced in part by the Symbolists, juxtapose the
old and the new, combining traditional poetic forms with modern imagery. In
1913, Apollinaire published the essay Les Peintres cubistes on the cubist
painters, a movement which he helped to define. He also coined the term
orphism to describe a tendency towards absolute abstraction in the paintings
of Robert Delaunay and others.
In 1907, Apollinaire wrote the well-known erotic novel, The Eleven Thousand
Rods (Les Onze Mille Verges). Officially banned in France until 1970, various
printings of it circulated widely for many years. Apollinaire never publicly
acknowledged authorship of the novel. Another erotic novel attributed to him
was The Exploits of a Young Don Juan (Les exploits d'un jeune Don Juan), in
which the 15-year-old hero fathers three children with various members of
his entourage, including his aunt. The book was made into a movie in 1987.
Shortly after his death, Calligrammes, a collection of his concrete poetry
(poetry in which typography and layout adds to the overall effect), and more
orthodox, though still modernist poems informed by Apollinaire's experiences
in the First World War and in which he often used the technique of automatic
writing, was published.
In his youth Apollinaire lived for a short while in Belgium, mastering the
Walloon dialect sufficiently to write poetry through that medium, some of
which has survived.
Works:
Poetry
Le bestiaire ou le cortège d’Orphée, 1911
Alcools, 1913
Vitam impendere amori', 1917
Calligrammes, poèmes de la paix et de la guerre 1913-1916, 1918
(published shortly after Apollinaire's death)
Il y a..., 1925
Julie ou la rose, 1927
Ombre de mon amour, poems addressed to Louise de Coligny-Châtillon,
1947
Poèmes secrets à Madeleine, pirated edition, 1949
Le Guetteur mélancolique, previously unpublished works, 1952
Poèmes à Lou, 1955
Soldes, previously unpublished works, 1985
Et moi aussi je suis peintre, album of drawings for Calligrammes, from a
private collection, published 2006
Prose
Mirely ou le Petit Trou pas cher, 1900
"Que faire?",
Les Onze Mille Verges ou les amours d'un hospodar, 1907
L'enchanteur pourrissant, 1909
L'Hérèsiarque et Cie (short story collection), 1910
Les exploits d’un jeune Don Juan, 1911
La Rome des Borgia, 1914
La Fin de Babylone - L'Histoire romanesque 1/3, 1914
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Les Trois Don Juan - L'Histoire romanesque 2/3, 1915
Le poète assassiné, 1916
La femme assise, 1920Les Épingles (short story collection), 1928
Plays
Les Mamelles de Tirésias, play, 1917
La Bréhatine, screenplay (collaboration with André Billy), 1917
Couleurs du temps, 1918
Casanova, published 1952
Articles
Le Théâtre Italien, illustrated encyclopedia, 1910
Pages d'histoire, chronique des grands siècles de France, chronicles, 1912
Méditations esthétiques. Les peintres cubistes, 1913
La Peinture moderne, 1913
L'Antitradition futuriste, manifeste synthèse, 1913
Case d'Armons, 1915
L'esprit nouveau et les poètes, 1918
Le Flâneur des Deux Rives, chronicles, 1918
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The poet who painted with his words - Geneviève Emy
Guillaume Apollinaire lit "Le pont Mirabeau"
Guillaume APOLLINAIRE : sa VIE et son INCROYABLE POÉSIE !
Guillaume APOLLINAIRE – Un siècle d'écrivains : 1880-1918 (DOCUMENTAIRE, 1998)
La minute de poésie : Le Pont Mirabeau [Guillaume Apollinaire]
Comment "Alcools" d'Apollinaire a bouleversé la poésie
EP21 guillaume apollinaire - pásmo
Guillaume Apollinaire: Influential Pre-World War I French Poet
29th Feb 2024 //Thursday Special Evening Service//EV. NSHUTI APPOLINAIRE//
Guillaume Apollinaire, l’enchanteur étoilé (1880-1918) : Une vie, une œuvre (2014 / France Culture)
Alcools d'Apollinaire, Modernité poétique : analyse pour le bac de français !
Écoutez Apollinaire lire un de ses poèmes en 1913 - #CulturePrime
APOLLINAIRE – À la recherche de Guillaume (Émission TV, 1960)
Marc Lavoine - Le Pont Mirabeau(Guillaume Apollinaire)
À la Santé - Guillaume Apollinaire - extrait
Guillaume Apollinaire: Něžný jako vzpomínka | MLUVENÉ SLOVO CZ
Guillaume Apollinaire : Poèmes à Lou par Jean-Louis et Marie Trintignant (2003 / France Culture)
GUILLAUME APOLLINAIRE
Poésie : “La chanson du mal aimé”, Apollinaire
Léo Ferré - "L'Adieu" - [Guillaume Apollinaire]
GUILLAUME APOLLINAIRE (fra)
#Čitateľský denník: Guillaume Apollinaire - Alkoholy
Si je mourais là bas..., Guillaume Apollinaire
Alcools, Guillaume Apollinaire | Bac français 2024
Guillaume Apollinaire (Español)
The Death of Guillaume Apollinaire
Poème "Le Pont Mirabeau" de Guillaume Apollinaire
Guillaume Apollinaire
À la Santé - Guillaume Apollinaire
Nedoceněný Guillaume Apollinaire a jeho kaligram.
Lorànt Deutsch : Guillaume Apollinaire, l'inventeur de la poésie moderne
Guillaume Apollinaire - Most Mirabeau (recituje M. Geišberg)
Guillaume Apollinaire
Léo Ferré : Le Pont Mirabeau (Apollinaire)
La minute de poésie : Quatre jours mon amour [Guillaume Apollinaire]
Poulenc: Quatre Poèmes de Guillaume Apollinaire - 1. L'Anguille
Poulenc: Quatre Poèmes de Guillaume Apollinaire - 2. Carte-Postale
La chanson du mal aimé de Guillaume Apollinaire (Remastered)
Guillaume APOLLINAIRE – Lettres à Lou (France Culture, 2009)
Quatre poèmes de Guillaume Apollinaire: Carte postale
"Guillaume Apollinaire: The Poetic Trailblazer who Redefined Modern Literature." | Biography
Clotilde - Guillaume Apollinaire
Poésie ❄️🌬L'hiver approche de Guillaume Apollinaire❄️🌬
Guillaume Apollinaire, 1960's - Film 90099
Marie Léo Ferré Guillaume Apollinaire
Marizibill, Guillaume Apollinaire
Poésie 🌲🎄🌲 Les sapins de Guillaume Apollinaire 🌲🎄🌲
Guillaume Apollinaire - Viñetas surrealistas
Deux poèmes de Guillaume Apollinaire: Dans le jardin d'Anna
il pleut Guillaume Apollinaire